That seems ridiculous under the circumstances…
Key Players & Their Roles
China
: A significant source of financing and investment, upgrading its relationship to an “All-Weather Strategic Partnership”.
Russia
: An important trading partner, holding some of Venezuela’s debt.- United States (JPMorgan): Has a long history in Venezuela and is positioned to re-enter more actively as sanctions ease, with focus on oil and infrastructure.
- Europe (BBVA): BBVA Banco Provincial is a major foreign-owned bank with deep local roots, seeing future opportunities.
- Iran
: The Export Development Bank of Iran owns Banco Internacional de Desarrollo.
- Qatar
: A Qatari bank holds funds from Venezuelan oil sales, managed for the interim government.
- International Bodies: The IMF could play a role in economic stabilization, working with the U.S…
Recent Developments
- Sanctions & Easing: U.S. sanctions have isolated Venezuela, but recent political shifts are leading to a review, creating potential for renewed international banking and investment.